Fuel injection engine



9 A. F. SANDERS FUEL INJECTION ENGINE Filed March 17, 1943 lulillti n l -lllillli: m

Ira/9752 02 a uZrJ/Qur j? 'anaif'rs v ##orneys' Patented Jan. 29, 1946 r 2,393,872 FUEL INJECTION ENGINE Arthur Freeman Sanders, Leeds, England Application March 17. 1943, Serial No. 479,503 I InGreat Britain March 13,1942 v 1 Claim.

This invention relates to fuel-injection engines. In Patent Specification No. 2,089,577 Figures 13 to 16 of the drawings show combustion chambers each in the form of a part-spherical cavity (usually hemi-spherical) in the cylinder head at the end of the bore and to one side of the bore, and of a space (referred to in the prior specification as a dropped"v space, having a lower wall 26a or 26b) directly communicating with the part-spherical cavity, the dropped" space being in the cylinder wall at the side of the bore.

A rather similar arrangement is shown in Patent Specification No. 2,296,192 in Figures 1 and 4, where the "dropped" space is partly separated from the part-spherical cavity by a part-annular ledge.

With all these prior constructions (except for Figure 2 of the second mentioned specification) there is a tendency for the combustion gases which strike the exposed portion of the piston periphery (adjacent the dropped space) at the top-dead-centre position to deposit thereon very hard particles of carbon which on the downward stroke of the piston get carried down between the piston and cylinder wall and thereby cause scoring of the same.

One object of the present invention is to prevent this from happening. A further object is to provide an improved construction of fuel injection engine of the kind aforesaid.

According to the main feature of the invention, injection takes place into a compact cavity (which is preferably part-spherical, being, in size, greater than hemi-spherical) disposed in the cylinder head towards one side of the cylinder bore and directly communicating with a space, which is mainly or entirely to one side of the cylinder bore and directly communicates therewith, through a sharp-edged substantially ductless opening, the wall (in which the said opening is) of the said space being in .a plane inclined at a small angle to a plane at right-angles to the cylinder axis.

According to a further feature of the invention, at least the portion of the piston crown adthe invention, Figure 1a being an enlarged fragmentary sectional view of the piston; and

Figures 2 and 3 are similar fragmentary views of the combustion chambers of alternative arrangements.

In the construction of Figure 1, the cylinder bore is provided by a liner 1 I supported in a cylinder block l2 which may, in known manner, be formed as part of the crank case. The combustion chamber comprises a part-spherical cavity l4, in'the cylinder head, which is greater than hemi-spherical in size and which communicates through an opening IS with the cylinder-bore.

The opening 15 is a circular one (though obviously it may be of D-shape or other shape depending upon the shape of the cavity it, which need not be part-spherical), in a plane which is inclined at a small angle to a plane at rightangles to the axis of the cylinder bore, the whole plug it in which the cavity i4 is provided being tilted. Below the opening [5 is the rest of the combustion chamber (neglecting the clearance between the face of the piston crown and the cylinder head, which should be the smallest possible) in the form of a space I! to one side of the I cylinder bore.

In order to prevent the deposit of hard carbon particles on the exposed periphery i8 of the piston, this portion is set back as shown, so that it will never come in contact, during reciprocation of the piston, with the cylinder wall. The whole of the piston crown, therefore, is wedge-shaped in section, the upper surface 20 being parallel to the plane in which the opening I5 lies, whereby to keep the direction of swirl of the air substantially as described in the prior specifications.

Another advantage of this construction is that the gasket 2| beneath the space H of the combustion chamber i shielded by the metal 22.

In the modification of Figure 2, instead of the whole of the piston crown being wedge-shaped in Jacent the said space is wedge-shaped such that section, as in the construction of Figure 1, there is a small wedge-shaped projection 24, at the edge of the piston adjacent the combustion space, having side and upper faces inclined like those marked I8, 20 in Figure 1a.

, Assuming that the under face (line 25) of the piston crown in Figures 1 and 2 is symmetrical, there will be a greater thickness of metal in the piston crown on the side adjacent the space l1, as shownby Figure 1a. This 'afiords better heat conduction, whereby distortion is less likely to occur..

In the construction of Figure 3 the wedgeshaped projection 24 of Figure 2 is omitted entirely. the space I I being. in this instance substantially triangular in shape and above the top What I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent 01 the United States is: A fuel injection engine comprising a cylinder, head having a wall immediately above'the cylinder which inclines from a pointat one end very close to the adjacent top end of the cylinder upwardly across such cylinder and to a high point spaced outwardly from the diametrical opposite wall of aid cylinder, said cylinder head having immediately below said inclined wall a combustion space which approaches a minimum at its lower end and is at a maximum for that part which is offset from the-cylinder wall toward the high point of said inclined wall, said cylinder head having a part-spherical combustion cavity therein greater than hemispherical in size which lies mainly above said maximum space and only of the piston crown but mainly to one side therepartially overlaps the upward projection of the cylinder, the lower wall or said part-spherical cavity being said inclined wall and having a substantially ductless sharp-edged inclined opening placing said cavity and said maximum space in direct and immediate communication, and a piston mounted to reciprocatein said cylinder and having a top wall with the lower surface substantially horizontal and an upper surface inclining from side to side substantially parallel with the inclination of said inclined wall of the cylinder head to form a built-up top portion oi the piston entering the minimum part of said space of the cylinder head in the top dead center position of the piston to further reduce such minimum space,

the high end of the built-up projection of the piston being cut-away on the line substantially parallel to the axis of the inclined opening between ARTHUR FREEMAN SANDERS. 

